Valeda® Light Delivery System, a breakthrough in treating dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), has recently received FDA approval, marking a significant advancement in options for AMD patients. Valeda biomodulation therapy is a non-invasive treatment designed to improve retinal function through low-level light therapy (LLLT). By delivering specific wavelengths of light to targeted retinal areas, Valeda enhances cellular function and increases blood flow, potentially slowing AMD progression and improving visual outcomes. What is Valeda Biomodulation Therapy? Valeda uses photobiomodulation, a form of low-intensity light therapy, that stimulates the cells in the retina. The therapy works by enhancing the mitochondrial activity within the retinal cells, which can improve energy production, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance overall cell function. These effects are particularly beneficial for patients with dry AMD, where retinal cells progressively deteriorate. What Patients Should Expect Valeda biomodulation treatment is painless and non-surgical. Patients receive a series of light therapy sessions over a prescribed period. Each session is short, lasting only a few minutes, and requires no downtime. Studies have shown that many patients experience stabilized or improved vision following the treatment, though individual results can vary. This FDA approval represents a milestone in AMD treatment, providing new hope for those seeking to manage this progressive condition.

Eye shrinkage, or the physical reduction in the size of the eyeball, is typically referred to as “phthisis bulbi” or “microphthalmia” and can arise from a range of causes. These conditions may be congenital or develop as a result of external factors like trauma or disease. Treatment Options: The treatment for eye shrinkage depends on the underlying causes. If there is functional loss in the eye, cosmetic solutions such as an ocular prosthesis or artificial eye can be considered. In children with congenital microphthalmia, special implants can be placed in the eye socket to support normal orbital development. Eye shrinkage, whitening, or retraction of the eye socket after injuries, surgeries, or infections can be cosmetically addressed through certain procedures. These procedures are performed at Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital. For instance, fillers can be placed behind the eye to give it a more forward appearance, and if a scar  is present, keratopigmentation or corneal tattooing can provide a more aesthetic look. Main Causes of Eye Shrinkage: Congenital Microphthalmia: Microphthalmia is a congenital condition where the eye is abnormally small. Genetic disorders, maternal infections during pregnancy (e.g., rubella or toxoplasmosis), or environmental factors affecting eye development can lead to microphthalmia. Eye Injuries (Trauma): Severe eye injuries can cause significant damage to the eye tissue, resulting in shrinkage. Scar tissue can develop within the eye during the healing process after trauma, leading to a reduction in eye size. Eye Infections and Inflammation: Serious eye infections or inflammatory conditions, particularly during childhood, can impact eye development. Inflammation or scarring of intraocular tissues due to infection may cause eye shrinkage. Eye Tumors: Certain eye tumors, such as retinoblastoma commonly found in children, can lead to structural abnormalities in the eye. Surgical treatments or radiotherapy for these tumors can result in eye shrinkage.

Iris coloboma is a congenital eye anomaly. It occurs when the iris tissue does not fully develop, leading to a gap or deficiency in the iris. This condition presents as a “keyhole” or “slit” appearance, typically at the lower part of the iris. Coloboma results from structural defects during the embryonic development of the eye. While iris coloboma often causes only an aesthetic difference, it can sometimes also affect vision. What are the Symptoms? Individuals with iris coloboma may experience the following symptoms: Vision Problems: In some cases, visual issues such as sensitivity to light or difficulty focusing may arise. Light Sensitivity: Due to the gap in the iris tissue, excess light can enter the eye, causing sensitivity to light. Aesthetic Appearance: The slit-like gap on the iris is visible and can be noticeable, especially in dark-colored eyes. Visual Field Defects: Iris coloboma is often associated with retinal coloboma, which can create some deficiencies in the visual field. What is the Treatment? The treatment for iris coloboma generally depends on the symptoms and the patient’s visual needs: Colored Contact Lenses: Colored contact lenses can be used for aesthetic purposes or to reduce light sensitivity. These lenses help cover the iris coloboma. Surgical Intervention: It is possible to correct iris coloboma with advanced surgical techniques. A procedure called iris reconstruction can partially close the gap in the iris tissue. However, this treatment is usually done for aesthetic reasons and may not be suitable for every case. Keratopigmentation (Corneal Tattoo): By tattooing the cornea to match the missing area of the iris, both aesthetic and functional improvements can be achieved. Individuals with iris coloboma should maintain eye health through regular eye examinations and consult an eye doctor if noticeable symptoms occur. At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, surgical procedures and corneal tattooing are performed for iris coloboma. 4o

Allotex is a biomaterial used in the treatment of presbyopia and aims to correct presbyopia by being placed inside the cornea. Presbyopia is the age-related decline in the ability to see up close. Allotex is a corneal graft material made from natural human tissue, known for its biocompatible properties. In this treatment method, the Allotex tissue is precisely processed with a laser and then placed on the front part of the cornea. This helps to enhance the eye’s near vision capacity. The treatment is generally a minimally invasive procedure and offers an alternative solution for patients who prefer not to use contact lenses or glasses. The use of Allotex in presbyopia treatment, especially due to its use of natural tissue, represents an innovation that promises long-term biocompatibility and successful outcomes. (This text is written by ChatGPT) Not available at our hospital. Son Güncelleme 30 October 2024 Saat 15:21 pm

If enophthalmos occurs after trauma or surgery, cosmetic improvement can be achieved through keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing) and retrobulbar (behind the eye) filler injection. What is Enophthalmos? Enophthalmos is a condition where the eyeball retracts into the eye socket (orbit). This backward displacement gives the eye a sunken appearance compared to its normal position. Enophthalmos can be mild and unnoticeable or severe enough to cause facial asymmetry and visual impairments. Causes of Enophthalmos The causes of enophthalmos can vary and may include: Orbital Trauma: Blowout Fractures: Trauma, such as a blow to the eye socket, can cause fractures in the orbital bones. When the thin bones that form the orbital floor or medial wall break, orbital contents may herniate into the adjacent sinuses, leading to enophthalmos. Retrobulbar Hemorrhage: Bleeding behind the eyeball reduces the volume of orbital contents, causing the eye to sink. Fat Atrophy: Aging: As people age, there is a natural loss of orbital fat, which can cause the eye to appear more sunken. This process is usually slow. Systemic Diseases: Some systemic conditions, like scleroderma or other connective tissue disorders, can cause orbital fat atrophy, leading to enophthalmos. Involutional Changes: Involutional enophthalmos is associated with the natural aging process and the loss of fat or muscle tissue around the eye. Scarring or Fibrosis: Post-Surgical Changes: After surgeries involving the removal of tissues in the orbital region or the treatment of tumors, fibrosis and scar tissue formation can cause the eye to retract. Inflammatory Conditions: Chronic inflammation within the orbit, such as orbital pseudotumor or thyroid eye disease, can lead to fibrosis and subsequent enophthalmos. Silent Sinus Syndrome: This rare condition involves the gradual collapse of the maxillary sinus, causing the orbital floor to drop and the eye to sink. Silent sinus syndrome is usually painless and progresses slowly, often diagnosed when patients notice facial asymmetry. Oncological Causes: Orbital Tumors: Tumors within the orbit can displace the eyeball. Depending on the tumor’s location, the eye may be pushed forward (proptosis) or enophthalmos may occur if bone or fat erosion happens. Congenital Causes: Some individuals may be born with enophthalmos due to underdevelopment of the orbit or surrounding structures. Symptoms of Enophthalmos Patients with enophthalmos may present with the following symptoms: Sunken Eye Appearance: The most noticeable symptom is the sunken appearance of the eye in the orbit, which can cause facial asymmetry. Double Vision (Diplopia): Depending on the cause and severity, the displacement of the eye may affect the visual axis and result in double vision. Visual Impairments: In severe cases, there may be narrowing of the visual field or blurred vision. Reduced Eye Movement: In cases where scarring or fibrosis is involved, the eye may not move freely within the orbit. Diagnosis Diagnosing enophthalmos typically involves: Physical Examination: A comprehensive eye exam that includes measurements of eye position relative to the orbit. Imaging Studies: CT (Computed Tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans are often used to evaluate orbital bone structures and identify underlying conditions such as fractures, tumors, or sinus problems. Visual Function Tests: Assessments for double vision and visual field defects to evaluate the impact of enophthalmos on vision. Treatment of Enophthalmos The treatment of enophthalmos depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition: Surgical Intervention: Orbital Reconstruction: In cases of traumatic enophthalmos, surgical repair may be necessary, using implants to restore the orbital floor or walls. Fat Injection or Orbital Implants: To correct volume loss, fat injections or the placement of orbital implants may be used. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: For conditions like silent sinus syndrome, surgery may be performed to restore normal sinus anatomy. Non-Surgical Management: Observation: In mild cases or when the condition is stable and not causing significant symptoms, observation may be sufficient. Managing Underlying Conditions: Treating the underlying cause, such as controlling inflammation in thyroid eye disease, can sometimes improve enophthalmos. Cosmetic Correction: When enophthalmos is a cosmetic concern, various surgical and non-surgical options can be considered to improve facial symmetry and appearance. Prognosis The prognosis of enophthalmos largely depends on its cause and the success of treatment. In cases of trauma or silent sinus syndrome, surgical correction can often restore the eye to its normal or near-normal position. However, in cases involving significant scarring or fat atrophy, complete correction may be more difficult, and the focus will be on improving both appearance and function as much as possible. Enophthalmos can affect not only facial aesthetics but also have significant functional consequences. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are key to achieving the best outcomes. Son Güncelleme 30 October 2024 Saat 15:21 pm

“After infections, eye injuries, and certain surgeries, unsightly spots may form on the eye, which are noticeable when viewed from the outside. These individuals may have partially or completely lost their vision. Additionally, congenital, traumatic, or surgical causes can lead to defects in the iris, which can result in glare. In such cases, we can achieve both aesthetic and even functional improvement by applying pigment to the cornea. This method, known as keratopigmentation or corneal tattooing, has been successfully practiced at our hospital for many years. As shown in the image , white spots can appear on the front surface of the eye for various reasons. These spots may be due to past infections, injuries, or other causes. These spots not only affect vision but also create aesthetic and psychological problems in those who have lost their sight. To cover these white spots and provide individuals with a more aesthetic appearance, corneal tattooing can be applied to suitable eyes. Our doctors are highly experienced in this area. Unfortunately, it is not possible for us to share before and after photos of patients. If you have a spot on your cornea that bothers you, you can consult with the doctors at our hospital. Below, you can find more information about keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing): Keratopigmentationis a surgical procedure used to change the color of the cornea. This procedure can be performed for both cosmetic and medical purposes. The details of the procedure and the reasons for its application are as follows: Medical Reasons: Keratopigmentation can also be used in the treatment of various eye diseases. Some medical conditions and injuries can cause visual defects in the eye, and in such cases, keratopigmentation can provide both aesthetic and functional improvement. The main applications of keratopigmentation for medical reasons include: – Absence of Iris (Aniridia): In individuals with congenital or trauma-induced iris deficiency, light control in the eye is disrupted. Keratopigmentation can improve light control by adjusting the eye color. – Aesthetic Disorders After Trauma or Surgery: Aesthetic disorders that occur after eye surgeries or injuries can be corrected with keratopigmentation. – Cosmetic Masking: It can be used to conceal visual defects caused by certain eye diseases. Cosmetic Reasons: Keratopigmentation can be preferred by individuals who wish to change their eye color for aesthetic purposes. Some people may be dissatisfied with their natural eye color and may want to change it permanently. In such cases, keratopigmentation may be an option. Application Methods: – Pigment Injection (FLAAK method): Color change is achieved by injecting special pigments into the cornea. This method requires a highly delicate procedure and is usually performed under local anesthesia. – Femto-laser Assisted Pigmentation: Micro-channels are created in the cornea using a femto-laser, and pigments are placed in these channels. This method provides a more precise and controlled application. Risks and Side Effects: Keratopigmentation may have some risks and side effects. Therefore, careful evaluation before the procedure is important. Potential risks may include: Conclusion: Keratopigmentation is a procedure used to permanently change eye color for both cosmetic and medical reasons. This procedure offers an effective solution for aesthetic improvement and the treatment of certain eye diseases. However, the risks and potential side effects of the procedure should be considered, and it should be performed by an experienced ophthalmologist.” Son Güncelleme 30 October 2024 Saat 15:21 pm