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Kaskaloglu Eye Hospital

Category: Blog

Kaşkaloğlu Izmir Eye Hospital

What Really Determines Eye Color? Melanin, Light Scattering & the Science Behind FLAAK Eye Color Change

What Really Determines Eye Color? Melanin, Light Scattering & the Science Behind FLAAK Eye Color Change 🧬 What Determines Eye Color? The Biology of Melanin, Light Scattering and the Science Behind FLAAK Eye color is far more complex than simply categorizing it as blue, green, hazel, or brown. It is determined by a combination of melanin concentration, light scattering, and the structural properties of the iris. Modern eye color change procedures such as FLAAK (Keratopigmentation) are built upon these scientific principles. 🔬 1. Melanin: The Primary Factor Shaping Eye Color Melanin in the anterior layer of the iris determines the basic color: High melanin → dark brown Medium melanin → hazel / light brown Low melanin → green Very low melanin → blue Melanin not only adds pigment but also influences how light behaves inside the eye. 🔭 2. Blue Eyes Aren’t Actually Blue — It’s Physics People with blue eyes do not have blue pigment. The iris contains very little melanin, allowing light to pass through and scatter. This process is called Rayleigh scattering, the same phenomenon that makes the sky appear blue. Thus: Blue → minimal pigment + strong light scattering Green → moderate pigment + scattering Hazel → pigment + warm scattering mix This explains why FLAAK pigments look natural—they work with existing optical physics. 🧪 3. Genetics & Epigenetics: Why Eye Color Can Change Eye color is not fixed for life. It may change due to: Infant melanin development Age-related pigment reduction Trauma Hormonal factors This shows that iris pigmentation has natural variability. 🏥 4. How FLAAK Works Scientifically FLAAK places biocompatible pigment inside stromal channels created by femtosecond laser within the cornea. Because the pigment is placed in the cornea—not the iris: No entry into the eye No effect on internal structures Visual acuity remains unchanged The final color appears natural due to internal light diffusion 🌈 5. Why FLAAK Colors Look Natural Pigments diffuse inside stromal tissue, not on the surface. This creates: A soft, natural tone A blend with the patient’s underlying melanin A unique final shade for each person The result is not a “lens look” but a naturally integrated eye color. 📌 Conclusion Eye color is determined by melanin levels and how light interacts with the iris. FLAAK eye color change enhances this natural system safely by modifying corneal light behavior—without touching the iris. This makes FLAAK: Safe Permanent Natural-looking Optically harmonious     Meta Description: Eye color is determined by melanin and light scattering. FLAAK eye color change works safely by modifying corneal light behavior without touching the iris. Keywords: eye color science, iris pigmentation, melanin, how eye color is formed, FLAAK eye color change, keratopigmentation, natural-looking eye color change, blue eye genetics   Son Güncelleme 18 November 2025 Saat 09:41 am

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Eye Color Change Surgery in Turkey – Is It Permanent? How Much Does It Cost?

Eye Color Change Surgery in Turkey – Is It Permanent? How Much Does It Cost? “Is there an eye color change surgery?” “Is it permanent?” “How much does it cost in Turkey?” These are among the most frequently asked questions by people interested in changing their eye color safely and naturally. What Is Eye Color Change Surgery? Eye color change surgery is a minimally invasive corneal procedure that changes the apparent color of the iris by applying special biocompatible pigments within the corneal tissue. This advanced technique is called Keratopigmentation or FLAAK (Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Annular Keratopigmentation). Unlike older, unsafe methods such as artificial iris implants placed inside the eye, keratopigmentation does not involve opening the eyeball. It is performed within the layers of the cornea, making it a safe and reversible option when done by experienced surgeons. Is Eye Color Change Surgery Available? Yes. Eye color change surgery is now performed in selected, specialized eye clinics in Turkey and Europe. Thanks to femtosecond laser technology, the procedure is precise, quick, and predictable. At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital in İzmir, this procedure is performed using the ZEISS VisuMax femtosecond laser, ensuring both safety and natural-looking results. Is Eye Color Change Permanent? Yes – the color change achieved with keratopigmentation is permanent. The pigments used are stable, medical-grade biocompatible materials that remain inside the corneal tissue for life. However, if the patient wishes, the shade can later be lightened or adjusted using the laser. Popular colors include: Light Blue Green Hazel Grey Eye Color Change Surgery Cost in Turkey Prices vary depending on the technology used, the surgeon’s experience, and whether any personalized color design is required. As of 2025, the average cost of eye color change surgery in Turkey ranges from €4,000 to €7,000. This usually includes medical consultation, the laser procedure, and postoperative care. Because of its advanced medical infrastructure and experienced surgeons, Turkey has become one of the most popular destinations in the world for eye color change surgery. Who Is Not Suitable for the Surgery? Not every patient is a good candidate. Before the procedure, a detailed ophthalmological examination is required. The procedure is not suitable for people with: Thin or irregular corneas Active eye diseases (keratoconus, severe dry eye, infections) The Procedure Step by Step Preparation: Numbing eye drops are applied – no needles or pain. Laser Tunnel Creation: The femtosecond laser creates a micro-tunnel inside the cornea. Pigment Application: The pigment is evenly distributed in the laser-created tunnel. Instant Result: The new color is visible immediately after the procedure. The surgery takes about 15–20 minutes per eye, and patients can go home the same day. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Is it painful? No. It is completely painless thanks to anesthetic drops. When will I see the final color? The new eye color is visible right after the procedure, but it takes about 2–3 weeks for the final tone to stabilize. Does it look natural? Yes. The pigment pattern is customized to match your iris design, giving a very natural appearance from a social distance. Can I reverse it? Yes, the color can be modified or lightened with laser if desired. Conclusion Eye color change surgery with keratopigmentation is a safe, minimally invasive, and permanent way to achieve a natural-looking eye color. Turkey stands out as a world leader in this field, offering experienced surgeons, modern technology, and affordable prices for international patients. SEO Meta Information Title: Eye Color Change Surgery in Turkey | Permanent Results & 2025 Price Meta Description: Is eye color change surgery permanent? Discover keratopigmentation (FLAAK) – a safe and permanent method to change your eye color in Turkey. 2025 prices and details. Keywords: eye color change surgery Turkey, eye color change cost, is eye color change permanent, keratopigmentation, FLAAK, change eye color safely, eye color surgery price   Son Güncelleme 18 November 2025 Saat 09:41 am

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New Intraocular Lens: Johnson & Johnson TECNIS Odyssey™ ( A new smart lens)

New Intraocular Lens: Johnson & Johnson TECNIS Odyssey™ Clear vision at every distance — a new standard in cataract surgery What Is TECNIS Odyssey™? The TECNIS Odyssey™ intraocular lens (IOL) is the latest innovation from Johnson & Johnson Vision, now available in Turkey. Unlike standard monofocal lenses that focus only on distance vision, Odyssey™ is designed to deliver clear vision at far, intermediate, and near distances — helping patients see comfortably without glasses after cataract surgery. Main Features Full range of vision: Sharp focus for distance, computer, and reading. Excellent night vision: High contrast sensitivity even in dim light. Reduced glare and halos: Advanced optical design minimizes unwanted light effects. Natural, high-definition clarity: Colors and details appear vivid and realistic. Who Is a Good Candidate? Adults planning cataract surgery. Patients who wish to live free from glasses. Those with healthy retina and cornea. A detailed eye examination and biometric measurements are essential to determine if this lens is suitable for you. Benefits Greatly reduces dependence on glasses. Comfortable vision for computer work, reading, and driving. Less glare when driving at night. Trusted technology from a global leader in eye care. Things to Keep in Mind Every eye is unique. Lens choice should always be personalized after a full eye evaluation. Some patients may still notice mild glare or halos around lights at night. Surgical precision and accurate measurements are key to the best results. Now Available in Turkey The TECNIS Odyssey™ IOL is now available for cataract patients in Turkey. At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, our surgeons carefully evaluate each patient to determine whether this new lens technology is the right choice for them. Conclusion The TECNIS Odyssey™ lens represents a new era in cataract surgery — offering patients clear vision at every distance and the possibility of a glasses-free lifestyle. With proper patient selection and experienced surgery, it can provide natural, comfortable, and precise vision for everyday life. Meta Description: “Discover the new Johnson & Johnson TECNIS Odyssey™ IOL in Turkey. See clearly at all distances after cataract surgery — learn who is suitable and what to expect at Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital.” Keywords: TECNIS Odyssey IOL, Johnson & Johnson lens, cataract surgery Turkey, premium intraocular lens, glasses-free cataract surgery, presbyopia correction IOL, Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital

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FAQ abour smart lens exchange (trifocal,EDOF)

Smart Lens – Who Can Have It? Who Is Suitable For Smart Lens Surgery? Smart lens (trifocal / EDOF / multifocal IOL) surgery is especially suitable for: People over 40 with visual defects such as nearsightedness or farsightedness Cataract patients – during cataract surgery, the natural lens is removed and replaced with a smart lens Patients with myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism (if their eyes are anatomically suitable) Individuals who do not want to wear glasses or contact lenses Those with generally healthy eyes – no significant retinal or corneal disease It is not suitable for everyone; a comprehensive eye examination and doctor’s evaluation are required. What Is a Smart Lens? The term smart lens generally refers to multifocal intraocular lenses such as trifocal or EDOF (Extended Depth of Focus). These lenses are designed to provide clear vision at far, intermediate, and near distances. They are used in cataract surgery and preferred by patients who wish to reduce dependence on glasses. How Is the Surgery Performed? Performed under local anesthesia Takes approximately 8–10 minutes The lens is inserted through a tiny incision – no stitches are usually required Patients are discharged on the same day The interval between the two eyes is decided by the doctor – sometimes both are done the same day, sometimes a few days apart Recovery and Results Healing is usually fast; most symptoms decrease within the first weeks Vision gradually improves as the eyes adapt Halos or glare around lights may occur but usually lessen with time Temporary blur or fluctuations in sharpness can appear during the adaptation period Advantages, Disadvantages, and Risks Advantages: Clear vision at far, intermediate, and near distances – less need for glasses Corrects refractive errors and treats cataract at the same time Improves comfort and daily life without glasses Disadvantages / Risks: Not suitable for all eyes; some ocular conditions prevent implantation Possible visual effects such as halos and glare Some lens types (especially EDOF) have limitations for very close work Smart Lens Cost / Price Cost depends on the lens type (monofocal, trifocal, EDOF, toric) The surgical technique (e.g. femto-laser-assisted procedure) affects price The hospital, surgeon’s experience, and equipment also influence cost In Which Eye Diseases Is It Unsuitable? Macular (retina) disorders: smart lenses are not recommended Corneal abnormalities (irregularities or thinning) increase risk Lazy eye (amblyopia): results may be limited Advanced retinal diseases: reduce suitability Certain professions (pilots, drivers) require careful evaluation before surgery Differences Between EDOF, Trifocal, and Other Lens Types Trifocal lenses: provide three focal points – near, intermediate, and far vision EDOF lenses: increase depth of focus and offer smoother transitions, with less halo effect EDOF lenses may be less strong for very near vision The most appropriate lens type is chosen according to individual visual needs How Is Clear Vision Achieved at Different Distances? Trifocal lenses are designed to provide sharp vision at all three distances. EDOF lenses excel for intermediate and distance vision but may be less effective for very close tasks such as reading tiny print. The lens type is selected based on the patient’s visual priorities and lifestyle. Halos, Glare, and Dysphotopsia Halos and glare around lights are common after surgery. These symptoms usually lessen as the brain adapts to the new visual system. In rare cases, they may persist but are generally mild. Lens Lifespan / Durability Smart lenses are designed for lifetime use – they do not need replacement. After implantation, vision remains stable, and cataract cannot recur since the natural lens has been removed. Can the Lens Be Removed or Replaced? Replacement or removal is rarely required. Smart lens surgery is a permanent solution and not intended to be reversed. If persistent problems occur, a specialist examines possible causes such as lens decentration or retinal issues. Interaction with Other Eye Diseases / Special Conditions In cases of diabetic retinopathy or macular degeneration, suitability for a smart lens decreases Corneal conditions such as keratoconus can reduce lens performance Lifestyle and profession (e.g. night drivers, pilots) should be considered when deciding on surgery Need More Information? To learn more about smart lens surgery or find out if you are a suitable candidate, you can book an appointment with Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital. Keywords: smart lens, smart lens Turkey, smart lens surgery, trifocal lens, EDOF lens, multifocal lens, intraocular lens, smart lens price Turkey, cataract surgery İzmir, Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital    

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What Is Pinguecula? Symptoms, Treatment, and Surgical Options

What Is Pinguecula? Symptoms, Treatment, and Surgical Options Yellow Spot and Bump on the Eye: What You Should Know About Pinguecula Pinguecula Surgery — Is It Necessary? When and How Is It Done? Pinguecula vs Pterygium: Differences, Treatment, and Risks Patients often describe it like this: “There’s a yellowish spot on the white part of my eye.” “I feel a small bump in my eye — sometimes it itches and feels irritated.” “It looks like a fat stain on the white part, but I thought it might be pterygium like my friend’s.” “It doesn’t reach the cornea, but it keeps getting red and stings sometimes.” If you have noticed a similar yellowish spot or bump on your eye, the following information about pinguecula will be useful to you. What Is Pinguecula? Definition:Pinguecula is a benign (noncancerous) change in the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye.The term comes from the Latin word “pinguis” meaning “fat,” because the lesion may contain deposits of fat, protein, or calcium.It usually does not grow onto the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye), so it rarely affects vision directly.Pingueculae most often appear on the nasal side of the eye (near the nose). Who Is at Risk? More common with age Caused by sunlight (UV exposure), wind, dust, and dry climates People with dry eye or who wear contact lenses are at higher risk Difference Between Pinguecula and Pterygium (“Eye Growth”) Feature Pinguecula Pterygium Growth direction Usually does not extend onto the cornea Often grows onto the cornea Appearance Yellowish bump, less vascular Thicker, with visible blood vessels Effect on vision Rarely affects vision May distort cornea and affect sight Primary concern Cosmetic, irritation Cosmetic + visual Symptoms — What Patients Feel Pinguecula often causes no symptoms, but may sometimes lead to: Burning, stinging, or gritty sensation Eye dryness or watering Redness, especially with irritation Foreign body sensation (as if sand or dust is in the eye) Sensitivity to light Cosmetic discomfort (visible bump) In most cases, it does not cause blurred vision. Treatment Options — When and How? Conservative / Medical Treatment Most cases don’t require surgery.If symptoms occur: Artificial tears or gel drops to keep the surface moist Short-term steroid or anti-inflammatory drops if redness or inflammation develops Surgical Treatment (Pinguecula Removal) When is surgery considered? Persistent irritation, burning, or discomfort Cosmetic reasons Interference with contact lens use How is it done? Performed under local anesthetic eye drops, pain-free The lesion is carefully removed A conjunctival graft (from the patient’s own tissue) or sliding tissue flap may be applied No stitches — a tissue adhesive is used The procedure takes 10–15 minutes The eye may be bandaged briefly; antibiotic and steroid drops are prescribed Postoperative recovery: Outpatient procedure (no hospital stay) Mild discomfort for a few days Follow-up with drops for healing Full recovery within a few weeks Why Some Doctors Don’t Recommend Surgery Because most pingueculae are harmless and stable, the risk-benefit ratio of surgery may not justify intervention.Mild cases respond well to artificial tears and observation.Also, not all ophthalmologists perform this specialized surgery, as it’s rarely necessary. 🔹 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) What is Pinguecula?A yellowish, raised area on the white of the eye caused by sun, dust, or dryness. It’s benign and doesn’t affect vision. What causes Pinguecula?Chronic exposure to UV light, wind, dust, or dry environments, as well as aging and dry eyes. Is Pinguecula the same as Pterygium?No. Pterygium extends over the cornea; pinguecula usually does not. Does Pinguecula go away by itself?It rarely disappears but may remain stable for years. When is surgery needed?When it causes constant irritation, cosmetic concern, or difficulty wearing lenses. How is Pinguecula surgery performed?Under local anesthesia, the lesion is removed and replaced with a small tissue graft using glue, not stitches. Is it painful?No — only mild discomfort afterward. Can it come back?Recurrence is extremely rare with modern surgical techniques. Does it affect vision?No, unless severe dryness or irritation occurs. Where can I have it treated?At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, experienced surgeons perform pinguecula surgery using modern, minimally invasive, and tissue-preserving techniques with excellent cosmetic results. SEO keywords:pinguecula, pinguecula surgery, yellow spot on the eye, pinguecula symptoms, pinguecula treatment, pterygium difference, eye bump  

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Floaters and Their Treatment by Vitrectomy

  Floaters and Their Treatment by Vitrectomy What Are Eye Floaters? Eye floaters are small, shadowy shapes that drift across your field of vision. They may look like dark spots, strings, or cobwebs. Floaters are caused by tiny clumps or strands forming in the vitreous — the clear gel that fills the inside of the eye. When light passes through the eye, these clumps cast shadows on the retina, creating the perception of moving spots. Floaters are very common, especially after the age of 50. They are often harmless, but in some people they become dense enough to disturb daily life — making reading, driving, or computer work uncomfortable. When Do Floaters Require Treatment? Most floaters do not need treatment and tend to become less noticeable with time. However, vitrectomy (surgical removal of the vitreous gel) can be considered in the following cases: Floaters significantly reduce vision quality or contrast sensitivity They cause continuous eye strain or discomfort Patients feel persistent “curtains” or dark spots that interfere with daily activities Floaters result from previous bleeding, inflammation, or eye surgery Before deciding on surgery, a complete retinal examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are necessary to exclude retinal tears, detachment, or macular diseases. Vitrectomy for Floaters Vitrectomy is a microsurgical procedure performed under local or general anesthesia. Using very fine instruments, the surgeon removes the vitreous gel containing floaters and replaces it with a clear saline solution. Modern sutureless (25- or 27-gauge) vitrectomy techniques allow this to be done through very small incisions. Advantages of Modern Vitrectomy Quick recovery, often within a few days Minimal postoperative discomfort Precise removal of opacities that cause floaters High success rate and improvement in visual clarity In most patients, floaters disappear completely and vision becomes clearer shortly after surgery. Possible Risks and Complications Although vitrectomy is generally safe in experienced hands, as with any surgical procedure, it carries some risks, including: Cataract progression (especially in patients over 50) Retinal tears or detachment Infection or bleeding inside the eye (rare) Temporary increase in intraocular pressure Your ophthalmologist will discuss these risks and decide if the potential benefits outweigh them in your specific case. Alternative and Non-Surgical Options In mild cases, observation may be sufficient. Some centers offer YAG laser vitreolysis, which aims to break large floaters into smaller pieces. However, its effectiveness and safety vary, and vitrectomy remains the gold standard for patients severely affected by floaters. Life After Vitrectomy Most patients notice clearer vision within days. Regular follow-up examinations are important to monitor healing and retinal health. Eye drops are prescribed for a few weeks, and normal activities usually resume quickly. Summary Vitrectomy provides a safe and effective solution for patients whose floaters seriously impair quality of vision. Thanks to modern, minimally invasive surgical techniques, the procedure can restore visual comfort with high patient satisfaction. At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, our vitreoretinal surgeons perform modern, micro-incision vitrectomy for floater removal with advanced equipment and high safety standards. Each patient is evaluated individually to determine whether surgery is the right choice.         Keywords: floaters, eye floaters, vitreous opacities, vitrectomy for floaters, floater removal, micro-vitrectomy, Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, Izmir ophthalmologist Meta title: Vitrectomy for Eye Floaters – Effective Treatment in Izmir | Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital Meta description: Learn about the causes of eye floaters and their treatment by vitrectomy. At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital in Izmir, modern micro-incision vitrectomy offers safe and effective relief from disturbing floaters. Would you like me to now create a Turkish version of this article for kaskaloglu.com (and a slightly modified English one for eyetravelturkey.com)?

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Göz Hastalıklarında Erken Tanının Önemi

How Should Eye Examination Be Done in Children and Teenagers?

  How Should Eye Examination Be Done in Children and Teenagers? Good vision is essential for a child’s learning, development, and daily life. Any uncorrected visual problem may affect school performance and quality of life. That’s why an eye examination for children and young patients should be done carefully, step by step — not only to detect refractive errors but also to rule out eye diseases like keratoconus. At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, every young patient is examined with advanced diagnostic methods to ensure accurate diagnosis and the most suitable treatment. 1. Measuring Vision Without Glasses The first step is to measure visual acuity without glasses. This helps the doctor see how well the patient can read and see distant and near objects naturally. If the vision is blurred, the cause may be myopia (nearsightedness), hypermetropia (farsightedness), or astigmatism. 2. Corneal Topography for Keratoconus Screening Every child or young patient should undergo corneal topography. This test maps the surface of the cornea and helps detect keratoconus — a condition where the cornea becomes thinner and cone-shaped over time. Keratoconus often begins as myopia or astigmatism and can easily be missed in busy clinics if detailed testing is not done. Early diagnosis is extremely important because untreated keratoconus can lead to permanent vision loss. 3. Eye Drops to Determine the Real Prescription In children, the focusing muscles are very active. For this reason, measurements taken without drops may be misleading. To determine the true refractive power, the eyes are dilated with special drops and measurements are repeated — this is called a cycloplegic refraction test. It helps the ophthalmologist detect hidden hypermetropia or other refractive errors that are not visible during routine measurement. 4. Different Approach for Myopia and Hypermetropia Every case is unique, and treatment depends on the type of refractive error. Hypermetropia (Farsightedness) If the child has hypermetropia but no strabismus (eye deviation), glasses may not always be prescribed immediately. The doctor may decide based on the degree of hypermetropia and keep the child under follow-up. Myopia (Nearsightedness) In myopia, after keratoconus is ruled out, glasses are prescribed. Families are informed about options that slow down the progression of myopia, such as special lenses (like MyoSmart) or special contact lenses. 5. Measuring Axial Length for Objective Follow-Up At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, the axial length of the eye (the front-to-back distance) is measured in addition to refraction. This allows doctors to objectively monitor whether the eye is growing — which means myopia is progressing. Families receive clear, data-based feedback about their child’s eye development during each visit. 6. Informing the Family and Regular Check-ups Parents are often concerned about myopia progression. That’s why every examination includes detailed counselling — explaining the results, treatment plan, and follow-up schedule. With regular check-ups, vision can be kept under control and long-term eye health can be protected. Comprehensive Pediatric Eye Examination at Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, children and teenagers are examined with the latest diagnostic technology — including corneal topography, cycloplegic refraction, and axial length measurement. Our experienced ophthalmologists provide customized treatment plans to ensure the best visual outcomes and peace of mind for families.       SEO Keywords: child eye examination, pediatric ophthalmology, keratoconus screening, myopia control, MyoSmart lenses, eye drops refraction, axial length measurement, Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, Izmir eye doctor Meta Title: Eye Examination for Children and Teenagers | Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital Izmir Meta Description: Learn how children’s eye examinations are performed at Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital — including keratoconus screening, dilated refraction, and axial length measurement for myopia control. İstersen şimdi bu yazı için featured image ve alt text önerilerini (SEO’ya uygun biçimde) de hazırlayayım mı?

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Epiretinal Membrane: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  Epiretinal Membrane: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment What Is an Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)? An epiretinal membrane is a thin, transparent layer of tissue that forms on the surface of the retina, specifically over the macula, which is responsible for central vision. It is sometimes referred to as a macular pucker or cellophane maculopathy. Over time, this membrane can contract and gently pull on the retina, causing distortion and blurring of vision. Who Is at Risk? Epiretinal membrane is most common in people over 50 years old. It can develop after: Age-related changes inside the eye Retinal tears or detachment Diabetic retinopathy or inflammation (uveitis) Previous eye surgery In some cases, it may appear without any known cause. Symptoms of Epiretinal Membrane In the early stages, there may be no noticeable symptoms. As the membrane thickens or contracts, patients may experience: Blurred or distorted vision Straight lines appearing wavy or bent (known as metamorphopsia) Difficulty reading small text Objects appearing smaller or larger than normal Patients often describe it as “looking through a film or transparent curtain.” How Is It Diagnosed? Diagnosis is made through a retinal examination and OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) — a high-resolution imaging technique that allows your doctor to see the retina’s layers in detail. OCT is essential for determining the thickness, extent, and effect of the membrane on the macula. Treatment Options Not every case requires surgery. If vision is only mildly affected, your doctor may recommend regular monitoring. However, if the membrane significantly reduces visual quality or causes distortion, vitrectomy surgery may be necessary. Vitrectomy Surgery Vitrectomy involves removing the vitreous gel inside the eye and carefully peeling the membrane from the retinal surface using microsurgical instruments. This delicate surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia, and most patients notice gradual improvement in vision in the weeks following surgery. Recovery and Follow-Up Vision improvement after surgery is gradual and may take several weeks to months. The amount of visual recovery depends on how long the membrane has been present and the health of the underlying retina. Postoperative care — including the use of prescribed eye drops and regular check-ups — plays an important role in the healing process. Can Epiretinal Membrane Be Prevented? It cannot always be prevented, but you can reduce your risk by: Managing diabetes and blood pressure Having regular eye check-ups, especially after age 50 Protecting your eyes from trauma Seeking prompt care for retinal tears or bleeding Conclusion Epiretinal membrane is a slow-progressing eye condition that can cause distortion and blurred vision. With modern diagnostic imaging and advanced surgical techniques, excellent visual outcomes can be achieved in most patients. At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital in İzmir, we provide the full range of diagnostic and surgical treatments for retinal conditions, using the latest technology and experienced surgical teams. SEO Title (Meta Title): Epiretinal Membrane – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital Turkey Meta Description: Epiretinal membrane (macular pucker) causes blurred and distorted vision. Learn about its symptoms, diagnosis, and vitrectomy treatment at Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital in Turkey. Focus Keywords: epiretinal membrane, macular pucker, retinal membrane, ERM surgery, vitrectomy, retinal diseases, eye surgery in Turkey, Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, macular distortion  

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Dry Eye: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Dry Eye: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options In recent years, many patients complain of burning, stinging, and dryness in their eyes. These complaints often indicate dry eye disease, a common condition that affects quality of life and visual comfort. Although uncomfortable, dry eye can be effectively managed with the right diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms of Dry Eye The most common symptoms include: Burning, stinging, and dryness in the eyes Persistent redness Eye fatigue, especially after screen use Sensitivity to light Blurred or fluctuating vision Feeling of a foreign body (like sand) in the eyes Increased discomfort with contact lens wear These symptoms tend to worsen after long hours in front of a computer, in air-conditioned rooms, or when exposed to wind. Causes of Dry Eye Dry eye can develop due to multiple factors: Aging: Tear production decreases with age. Hormonal changes: Especially common in women after menopause. Environmental factors: Air conditioning, wind, and dry climate. Prolonged screen time: Reduces blink frequency. Contact lens use: Lenses may absorb tears. Certain medications: Antidepressants, antihypertensives, antihistamines. Eyelid or tear gland problems: Such as blepharitis or meibomian gland dysfunction. Systemic diseases: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, rheumatic diseases. Treatment of Dry Eye Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause. Artificial tears: Most common option, preservative-free formulas are preferred. Lubricating gels and ointments: Effective especially at night. Anti-inflammatory eye drops: In cases with inflammation. Eyelid hygiene and warm compresses: Useful for meibomian gland dysfunction. Punctal plugs: Help tears stay longer on the eye surface. Light or laser therapies: Applied in selected cases. Prevention and Lifestyle Tips Patients can reduce symptoms and protect their eyes by following these recommendations: Blink frequently when using digital devices. Apply the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Keep indoor air moist, use a humidifier if needed. Avoid direct air from fans or air conditioning. Wear sunglasses outdoors. Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Follow your doctor’s advice if you wear contact lenses. ✅ Conclusion: Dry eye is one of the most common eye problems today, affecting people of all ages. Early awareness and simple preventive steps can make treatment much easier. If you experience constant dryness, burning, or stinging in your eyes, it is important to consult an eye doctor. 👉 At Kaşkaloğlu Eye Hospital, we provide all modern diagnostic and treatment methods for dry eye disease. Each patient is evaluated individually, and the most suitable therapy is planned according to their needs.

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pilokarpin damla

Pilocarpine Eye Drops for Presbyopia: FDA Approval and What You Need to Know

Pilocarpine Eye Drops for Presbyopia: FDA Approval and What You Need to Know Difficulty with near vision (presbyopia) is a natural process that affects most people over the age of 40. In the United States, the FDA recently approved pilocarpine eye drops as one of the first drug-based treatments for presbyopia. Patients often search online for answers to these questions about the new drops: What are pilocarpine eye drops? How do they work for presbyopia? How long do they last? What are the benefits and side effects? Who is a suitable candidate? What Are Pilocarpine Eye Drops? Pilocarpine has been used in ophthalmology for many years, mainly for the treatment of glaucoma. Recently, it has been reformulated in lower concentrations to be used for presbyopia management. How Do They Work? Pilocarpine slightly constricts the pupil (miosis). This leads to: An increase in depth of focus, Sharper near vision for reading or seeing objects up close. The effect usually lasts between 4 and 8 hours, depending on the individual. Benefits Non-surgical treatment—used as an eye drop, no invasive procedure is required. Particularly helpful during daily activities that require near vision (reading, using a phone, working on a computer). Easy to use and provides quick results. Possible Side Effects As with any medication, pilocarpine eye drops may cause some side effects: Temporary headache or pressure in the forehead area, Reduced night vision, especially in dim lighting, Eye redness, burning, or watering, Rarely, blurred vision. Because of this, caution is advised for those who need to drive at night. How Effective Are They? Clinical studies show that pilocarpine eye drops significantly improve near vision in many patients. However, the effect is temporary and does not completely cure presbyopia. Who Is Suitable for This Treatment? Adults over 40 with presbyopia, Patients without advanced cataracts or other serious eye diseases, People who do not rely heavily on night vision. Your eye doctor will determine whether you are a suitable candidate after a full eye examination. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. Do pilocarpine eye drops cure presbyopia permanently? No. The improvement is temporary, lasting a few hours, and provides relief during daily activities. 2. Do I need to use the drops every day? Not necessarily. They can be used as needed—for example, while reading or working on a computer. 3. Is it safe to use at night? Night vision may be reduced, so caution is required, especially for driving. 4. Does everyone experience the same effect? No. Results vary from patient to patient. Some experience strong benefits, while others may have a more limited improvement. 5. Are the side effects permanent? Usually not. Most side effects are mild and temporary. If symptoms persist, consult your doctor. 6. How long does the effect last? On average, between 4 and 8 hours, depending on the individual. 7. Does it affect distance vision? No, distance vision usually remains unaffected. However, because the pupil is smaller, vision in dim or low light may be reduced. 8. Should I use the drops in both eyes? Yes, they are typically applied to both eyes, unless your doctor recommends otherwise. 9. How is it different from pilocarpine used for glaucoma? The concentration for presbyopia is lower than in glaucoma treatment. This helps reduce side effects and makes it more suitable for daily use. Conclusion and Medical Opinion Pilocarpine eye drops represent a new and promising option for patients struggling with presbyopia. Their non-surgical nature, quick action, and ease of use make them attractive. However, because the effect is temporary and side effects are possible, they are not suitable for everyone. This treatment can be beneficial for patients who want short-term relief from reading glasses, but may not be ideal for those who rely heavily on night vision. The best way to determine whether pilocarpine drops are right for you is to have a comprehensive eye examination and discuss your options with your ophthalmologist.  

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